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powershell使用技巧
发布 作者:被打断de狗腿 浏览量:340
记录我最近使用powershell的技巧。

powershell 所有命令都可以获取帮助

比如Get-ChildItem,使用Get-Help Get-ChildItem或者加上参数-Online查看在线文档Get-Help Get-ChildItem -Online

PS C:\Users\pengq\Desktop> Get-Help Get-ChildItem

名称
    Get-ChildItem

语法
    Get-ChildItem [[-Path] <string[]>] [[-Filter] <string>]  [<CommonParameters>]

    Get-ChildItem [[-Filter] <string>]  [<CommonParameters>]

别名
    gci
    ls
    dir

备注
    Get-Help 在此计算机上找不到该 cmdlet 的帮助文件。它仅显示部分帮助。
        -- 若要下载并安装包含此 cmdlet 的模块的帮助文件,请使用 Update-Help。
        -- 若要联机查看此 cmdlet 的帮助主题,请键入: "Get-Help Get-ChildItem -Online" 或
           转到 https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113308。

PS C:\Users\pengq\Desktop>

而且可以查到命令的别名,有linux风格的ls,还有gcidir

声明变量可以使用$,比如获取一个请求

$response = Invode-WebRequest "https://api.dpangzi.com/api/Code"

$reponse

$response.Content

PS C:\Users\pengq\Desktop> $response = Invoke-WebRequest "https://api.dpangzi.com/api/Code"
PS C:\Users\pengq\Desktop> $response

StatusCode        : 200
StatusDescription : OK
Content           : {"isRoot":true,"isDirectory":true,"directories":[{"name":"load_db","lastUpdateTime":"2022-04-16T15:
                    29:13.0024917+08:00","note":"Sqlite
                    DDL","currentPath":["load_db"]},{"name":"MySql","lastUpdateTime":...
RawContent        : HTTP/1.1 200 OK
                    Transfer-Encoding: chunked
                    Connection: keep-alive
                    Vary: Accept-Encoding,Accept, Accept-Language, Accept-Encoding
                    Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=15552000
                    Access-Control-Expose-...
Forms             : {}
Headers           : {[Transfer-Encoding, chunked], [Connection, keep-alive], [Vary, Accept-Encoding,Accept,
                    Accept-Language, Accept-Encoding], [Strict-Transport-Security, max-age=15552000]...}
Images            : {}
InputFields       : {}
Links             : {}
ParsedHtml        : mshtml.HTMLDocumentClass
RawContentLength  : 2724

PS C:\Users\pengq\Desktop> $response.Content
{"isRoot":true,"isDirectory":true,"directories":[{"name":"load_db","lastUpdateTime":"2022-04-16T15:29:13.0024917+08:00","note":"Sqlite DDL","currentPath":["load_db"]},{"name":"MySql","lastUpdateTime":"2022-04-16T15:29:13.0024917+08:00","note":"MySql DDL","currentPath":["MySql"]},{"name":"src","lastUpdateTime":"2022-04-16T15:29:14.0333072+08:00","note":"源码","currentPath":["src"]}],"files":[{"name":".gitattributes","lastUpdateTime":"2022-04-16T15:29:12.9867914+08:00","note":"git 路径属性","currentPath":[".gitattributes"]},{"name":".gitignore","lastUpdateTime":"2022-04-16T15:29:12.9867914+08:00","note":"git 忽略文件","currentPath":[".gitignore"]},{"name":"README.md","lastUpdateTime":"2022-04-16T15:32:54.2068545+08:00","note":"自述文件","currentPath":["README.md"]},{"name":"video-fragment.ps1","lastUpdateTime":"2022-04-16T15:29:14.0333072+08:00","note":"视频分片脚本","currentPath":["video-fragment.ps1"]}],"parentPaths":null,"readmeContent":"# dpz.core\r\n\r\n### 我的网站:\r\n\r\n| 地址 | 描述 |源码地址|\r\n| ---- | ---- |----|\r\n| https://core.dpangzi.com |主站|[Dpz.Core.Web](https://github.com/pengqian089/dpz.core/tree/master/src/Dpz.Core.Web)|\r\n| https://www.dpangzi.com |blazor web assembly 开发的站点|[Dpz.Core.WebMore](https://github.com/pengqian089/dpz.core/tree/master/src/Dpz.Core.WebMore)|\r\n| https://manage.dpangzi.com |后台管理系统|[Dpz.Core.Web.Dashboard](https://github.com/pengqian089/dpz.core/tree/master/src/Dpz.Core.Web.Dashboard)|\r\n| https://api.dpangzi.com/swagger/index.html |RestFul Web api|[Dpz.Core.WebApi](https://github.com/pengqian089/dpz.core/tree/master/src/Dpz.Core.WebApi)|\r\n| https://blog.dpangzi.com |博客|[hexo](https://github.com/pengqian089/hexo)|\r\n\r\n### 正在做和将要做的事:\r\n- [ ] 增加书签页面,并将菜单的图标替换为更合理的图标(优先)\r\n- [x] 重写Steam页面UI\r\n- [ ] 发表的文章自动同步至hexo博客\r\n- [x] 定时任务,自动更新源代码 **linux 服务器上同步源码有bug,待修复**\r\n- [ ] 主数据库定时把重要数据备份到本地\r\n- [ ] 访问统计图\r\n- [x] 源码相关说明数据迁移到主数 据库\r\n- [x] 移除网站相关的静态资源,全部转移到[静态仓库](https://github.com/pengqian089/SiteSource)中去,使用CDN加速\r\n- [x] WebApi完成源码管理,[主站](https://core.dpangzi.com/code)相关功能由REST API 完成\r\n- [x] webapi和主站使用同一套日志管理,并在后台可以查看\r\n- [x] 视频管理和DB关联\r\n- [x] 视频相关的弹幕不再使用ID分组,使用自定义名称以便方便管理","currentPaths":[],"codeContainer":null,"fileName":null,"type":0}

$str = "定义一串字符串"

#定义一组数组
$array = "aa","bb","cc",$str

$array
#result 
aa
bb
cc
定义一串字符串

还可以使用C#类库的方法、属性

# 打印当前时间
[System.DateTime]::Now

PS C:\Users\pengq\Desktop> [System.DateTime]::Now
#result 
Tuesday, April 19, 2022 9:16:56 PM

# 格式化当前时间
[System.DateTime]::Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff")

#result
2022-04-19 21:18:11.436

调用C#类库的方式:[命名空间.类型]::属性或者方法

在powershell中比较值,以及筛选数据

# 在数组中判断是否存在某一值
$array -contains "aa"
#result
True

# 是否相等
$array[0] -eq "aa"
#result
True

# 字符里面是否包含某些字符
$array[$array.Length - 1] -match "串"
#result
True

# 结合上面的比较方式,来筛选文件、文件夹
ls
#result

    目录: C:\Users\pengq\Desktop

Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                 -------------         ------ ----
d-----         4/13/2022   2:20 AM                Dism++
d-----          4/6/2022   5:38 AM                Temp
d-----         2/18/2022  11:00 AM                副屏文件
d-----         3/19/2022   2:19 AM                简历
-a----         12/4/2021   1:39 AM            222 3DMark.url
-a----          3/7/2022   7:31 PM            222 A Hat in Time.url
-a----         12/8/2021   8:08 AM           2302 DbServer.rdp
-a----         3/25/2022  10:01 PM           1170 document.txt
-a----          3/8/2022   5:09 PM           2280 eDEX-UI.lnk
-a----         12/9/2021   4:35 AM            222 FINAL FANTASY XV WINDOWS EDITION.url
-a----         4/16/2022   3:02 PM           2382 GitHub Desktop.lnk
-a----         1/29/2022   9:38 PM             84 github_token.txt
-a----        11/17/2021   1:19 AM           1506 JetBrains Toolbox.lnk
-a----          1/2/2022   8:25 PM           1242 MongoDB Compass Beta.lnk
-a----        11/16/2021   5:52 PM            222 Monster Hunter World.url
-a----        11/15/2021   5:14 PM           1180 Opera 浏览器.lnk
-a----         3/31/2022  12:17 AM           2196 Postman.lnk
-a----        11/13/2021   1:16 PM            222 Shadow of the Tomb Raider.url
-a----        12/30/2021   3:41 AM            211 start-mongodb.ps1
-a----          2/5/2022   4:08 PM           1296 to-720p.ps1
-a----          1/1/2022   7:50 PM            222 Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon® Wildlands.url
-a----         1/11/2022   8:47 PM           1401 video-fragment.ps1
-a----        11/15/2021   7:09 PM           1413 Visual Studio Code.lnk
-a----        11/13/2021   3:34 AM            222 Wallpaper Engine:壁纸引擎.url
-a----        11/30/2021  12:29 AM           2344 WebServer.rdp
-a----         3/19/2022   2:37 AM           1762 WebStorm.lnk
-a----         4/13/2022   2:40 AM      260708281 windows10.0-kb5012592-x64_ea2cbcc90d772b5c41410e88f96e6cad1608f45b.ms
                                                  u
-a----         3/16/2022   1:19 PM            222 Wizard of Legend.url
-a----          3/7/2022   9:14 PM       21912962 下沙平面图.jpg
-a----         3/12/2022   3:36 PM            223 双人成行.url
-a----         2/28/2022  12:01 PM           1336 微信开发者工具.lnk
-a----         7/20/2021  10:47 AM         849200 神秘力量V.exe
-a----         2/18/2022   3:06 PM            223 赛博朋克 2077.url

# 筛选名称含有 git 的文件、文件夹
ls | where Name -match "git"
#result
    目录: C:\Users\pengq\Desktop

Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                 -------------         ------ ----
-a----         4/16/2022   3:02 PM           2382 GitHub Desktop.lnk
-a----         1/29/2022   9:38 PM             84 github_token.txt

# 筛选结果只显示名称
ls | where Name -match "git" | select Name

#result 
Name
----
GitHub Desktop.lnk
github_token.txt

这里的筛选类似C#里面的linq

暂时就这些,以后再有再更新。

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