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知乎问题答案收集
发布 作者:被打断de狗腿 浏览量:751
C#实现知乎问题答案收集

知乎答案收集,首先使用RestSharp组件访问,从Nuget获取

Install-Package RestSharp -Version 106.12.0

获取知乎Html

IRestSharp client = new RestSharp
{
    // 设置UA 为一个正常的桌面端用户
    UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.114 Safari/537.36";
};
var request = new RestRequest("知乎提问地址");
var response = await client.ExecuteGetAsync(request);
var html = response.Content;

这样提问页的Html就获取到了

解析Html和Javascript

接下来准备解析知乎Html和Javascript 使用AngleSharp组件解析Html和Javascript

Install-Package AngleSharp -Version 1.0.0-alpha-844

使用Newtonsoft.Json进行json解析

Install-Package Newtonsoft.Json -Version 13.0.1

将获取到的整页Html解析 这里保存着一些基本数据,将会解析

// 使用默认的配置和js解析
var config = Configuration.Default.WithJs();
var context = BrowsingContext.New(config);
// 获取到的Html进行解析
var document = await context.OpenAsync(x => x.Content(html));
// 知乎页内有一个id为js-initialData的script标签保存着一些基本数据
var data = document.GetElementById("js-initialData");
if(data != null)
{
    //每页大小,知乎默认每页5条答案
    const int limst = 5;
    //currentPage 当前页默认为1;answerCount 当前问题的答案总数, totalPage 当前问题的总页数
    int currentPage = 1, answerCount = 0, totalPage = 0;
    var source = JObject.Parse(data.InnerHtml);
    var entities = source["initialState"]?["entities"];
    if (entities != null)
    {
        //获取分页基本信息
        if (entities["questions"]?.Children().FirstOrDefault() is JProperty question)
        {
            //从json中获取该问题答案总数
            answerCount = question.Value["answerCount"]?.Value<int>() ?? 0;
            //从json中获取该问题总页数
            totalPage = answerCount % limit == 0 ? answerCount / limit : answerCount / limit + 1;
        }
    }
}

遍历所有答案

从浏览器的开发者工具中得到分页的API 从中可以得知API为 https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/questions/{问题ID}/answers

其中有5个参数,抛开include参数外,其余参数分别为:

  • limit 每页答案数量
  • limit 偏移量
  • platform 平台,默认为桌面端,即 desktop
  • sort_by 排序,默认排序规则,即 default

接下来遍历答案信息,实现如下:

for (; currentPage <= totalPage; currentPage++)
{
    var pageRequest = new RestRequest("https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/questions/{知乎问题ID}/answers")
        .AddParameter("include", "data[*].is_normal,admin_closed_comment,reward_info,is_collapsed,annotation_action,annotation_detail,collapse_reason,is_sticky,collapsed_by,suggest_edit,comment_count,can_comment,content,editable_content,attachment,voteup_count,reshipment_settings,comment_permission,created_time,updated_time,review_info,relevant_info,question,excerpt,is_labeled,paid_info,paid_info_content,relationship.is_authorized,is_author,voting,is_thanked,is_nothelp,is_recognized;data[*].mark_infos[*].url;data[*].author.follower_count,vip_info,badge[*].topics;data[*].settings.table_of_content.enabled")
        .AddParameter("limit", limit)
        .AddParameter("offset", limit * currentPage)
        .AddParameter("platform", "desktop")
        .AddParameter("sort_by", "default");
    //使用RestSharp请求API获取信息
    var pageResponse = await client.ExecuteGetAsync(pageRequest);
    //解析json
    var pageData = JObject.Parse(pageResponse.Content);
    var pageItems = pageData["data"] as JArray;
    if (pageItems == null) continue;
    //遍历每页的答案
    foreach (var item in pageItems)
    {
        if (item is JObject answer)
        {
            //获取答案内容
            var answerHtml = answer["content"]?.Value<string>();
        }
    }
}

这样,一个知乎提问的所有回答都获取到了

也许可以解析答案,获得你想要的

比如获取所有答案图片并下载下来

var answerDocument = await context.OpenAsync(x => x.Content(answerHtml));
// AngleSharp 可以像使用JavaScript的API一样去获取html的Element、Attribute等
var images = answerDocument.QuerySelectorAll("img");
foreach(var item in images)
{
    var src = item.GetAttribute("data-actualsrc");
    if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(src))
    {
        var imageRequest = new RestRequest(src);
        var imageResponse = await client.ExecuteGetAsync(pageRequest);
        var stream = new MemoryStream(imageResponse.RawBytes);
        await using var fileStream = new FileStream("要保存的路径的完整限定名", FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write);
        await stream.CopyToAsync(fileStream);
    }
}

或者其它实现 Todo

loading